Latest Results

Academic chapter 2026

A Technical Perspective to Human Oversight in Complex Drilling Automation Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods

Rodica G. Mihai, L. I. V. Bergh, Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Elisabeth Lootz

Abstract As automation advances toward fully autonomous operations, the need for the humans involved in the process to receive sufficient information becomes increasingly important. They must have a clear overview…

Academic chapter 2026

Demonstration of the Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standard Framework in a Multi-Company Context

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, I. Villanueva, M. Pham, K. K. Olsen, S. Gåseland, K. Antosz, D. Dashevskiy, R. Tobisawa, F. da Silva, R. Herikstad, K. Birgisson, E. Nyjordet, J. Cao

As drilling process automation advances at rig sites, new challenges arise. Multiple Automated Drilling Control Systems (ADCS) require advisory system providers to develop various interfaces. Although a typical ADCS supports…

Academic chapter 2026

Long-Step Steady State Torque and Drag Calculations

Eric Cayeux

Abstract Recently, several initiatives have been launched to use generative methods for creating an ensemble of planned trajectories when evaluating alternatives for a drilling program. These automatically generated trajectories must…

Academic chapter 2025

A Probabilistic Framework for the Risk-Based Evaluation of Drilling Plans

Benoit Daireaux, Adrian Ambrus, Sonja Moi, Eric Cayeux

During the well planning stage, several alternative designs are considered, and a team of experts then has to identify the optimum one according to possible contradicting criteria such as performance,…

Academic article 2025

Adaptive Multidimensional and Multiresolution Inversion of Borehole Ultra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Measurements for 3D Imaging and Geosteering | Earthdoc

Nazanin Jahani, C. Torres-Verdin, W. Saputra, E. Romsaas Fjeldberg

Summary Real-time well placement through well geosteering relies on accurate imaging of electrical resistivity distribution across the formation to understand spatial heterogeneity of subsurface formations and make informed drilling decisions. Ultra-Deep…

Academic chapter 2025

Automatic Online Classification of Drilling Activities

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, Hans-Uwe Brackel, Jan Kåre Igland, Serafima Schaefer

Recognition of which drilling activity is occurring at the wellsite is important for calculating key performance indicators (KPIs), diagnosing potential issues during a drilling operation, and providing advice to the…

Academic article 2025

Automatic calibration of systematic biases in directional drilling control for planar and non-planar curves

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez, Eric Cayeux, Dan Sui

Controlling the wellbore trajectory is a challenging task that demands accurate decision-making from the directional driller (dd) to prevent deviations from the planned path. Commonly, the success of the trajectory…

Academic article

Academic article 2025

Adaptive Multidimensional and Multiresolution Inversion of Borehole Ultra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity Measurements for 3D Imaging and Geosteering | Earthdoc

Nazanin Jahani, C. Torres-Verdin, W. Saputra, E. Romsaas Fjeldberg

Summary Real-time well placement through well geosteering relies on accurate imaging of electrical resistivity distribution across the formation to understand spatial heterogeneity of subsurface formations and make informed drilling decisions. Ultra-Deep…

Academic article 2025

Automatic calibration of systematic biases in directional drilling control for planar and non-planar curves

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez, Eric Cayeux, Dan Sui

Controlling the wellbore trajectory is a challenging task that demands accurate decision-making from the directional driller (dd) to prevent deviations from the planned path. Commonly, the success of the trajectory…

Academic article 2025

Borehole Trajectory Modeling using Circular Arcs, Constant Curvature and Toolface, and Sections with Constant Build-up and Turn Rates

Eric Cayeux

Wellbore trajectories are often represented by numerous survey stations, either reflecting measurement data or generated by planning-stage algorithms using generative techniques. Finely discretized trajectories can strain computational resources required for…

Academic article 2025

Decentralized Active Control of Distributed Damping Subs for Stick/Slip Reduction in Drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse, Adrian Ambrus, Ole Morten Aamo

Torsional stick/slip vibrations are a significant cause of drillstring damage and failure. Using damping subs distributed along the drillstring has been demonstrated in both simulations and laboratory experiments as a…

Academic article 2025

Numerical Study on the Effects of Particle Shape and Fluid Rheological Behavior on Material Transport

Lucas Volpi, Eric Cayeux, Rodica Georgeta Mihai

Transport of particles is a common topic across various industries, ranging from offshore applications to biomedical sciences. This problem is often complex and requires multiple levels of simplifications and hypotheses.…

Academic article 2025

On the Sources of Errors in Rheological Measurements of non-Newtonian Fluids and the Interpretation of Yield-Power Law Rheological Model Parameters

Eric Cayeux

Drilling fluids are typically non-Newtonian and shear-thinning, often characterized by the Yield-Power Law (YPL) rheological model. Accurate measurement of rheological properties is essential for calculating pressure losses and estimating the…

Academic article 2025

Trajectory Calculation for Complementing 3-D Well Path Planning in Geosteering Operations

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez, Eric Cayeux, Dan Sui

Geosteering has an essential role in the wellbore's placement in the pay zone, which significantly affects a well's production life. Different geological boundaries and mechanical constraints guide the geosteering decision-making…

Academic article 2025

Zero-Shot Learning With Large Language Models Enhances Drilling-Information Retrieval

Chris Carpenter

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, one is a few-shot multiple-choice experiment contains highlights of paper SPE 217671, “Enhancing Information Retrieval in the Drilling Domain: Zero-Shot Learning With…

Academic article 2024

A General Framework to Describe Drilling Process States

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, D. Pirovolou, Moray Laing, Fred Florence

Automation and digitalization of drilling require shared knowledge about the state of the drilling process: Is the bit on-bottom drilling or is the string in-slips; is there an overpull or…

Academic article 2024

Approach Uses Multidisciplinary Constraints for Automatic Well-Path Generation

Society of Petroleum Engineers Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper proposes a method to radically revise the well-path-generation process to reach the vision of planning a well in one day with high quality, relying on the collection of…

Academic article 2024

Assisting Directional Drilling by Calculating a Safe Operating Envelope

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez, Eric Cayeux, Dan Sui

Nowadays, complex 3D trajectories are executed with a succession of circular arcs (CAs). Although they have constant curvature, their tool face is not constant. Consequently, directional drillers must adjust the…

Academic article 2024

Entrance Lengths for Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Eccentric Annulus

Åsmund Aamodt Resell, Knut Erik Teigen Giljarhus, Hans Joakim Skadsem

study the entrance length in eccentric annular geometries, where the axes of the inner and outer pipes forming the annulus are offset from each other. Such geometries are considered relevant…

Academic article 2024

Overview of how the Calculation of Dynamic Temperature of Drilling Fluids is Closely Linked with Rheology

Knut Steinar Bjørkevoll

Based on many years of work with the calculation of dynamic temperature of drilling fluids during operations, a pedagogic overview of how the calculation of heat transfer and temperature is…

Academic article 2024

Strategic geosteering workflow with uncertainty quantification and deep learning: Initial test on the Goliat Field data

Muzammil Hussain Rammay, Sergey Alyaev, David Selvåg Larsen, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Craig Saint

Academic article 2024

Using the Quemada rheology model for drilling fluids - practical considerations

Knut Steinar Bjørkevoll

A mathematical description of the Quemada rheological model is given, focusing on realistic drilling fluids. The purpose of the work described is to derive results that are required for robust,…

Academic article 2023

3-D induction log modelling with integral equation method and domain decomposition pre-conditioning

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Koen W. A. van Dongen, Nazanin Jahani, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem, Sergey Alyaev

The deployment of electromagnetic (EM) induction tools while drilling is one of the standard routines for assisting the geosteering decision-making process. The conductivity distribution obtained through the inversion of the…

Academic article 2023

Boundary Control and Estimation for Under-Balanced Drilling with Uncertain Reservoir Parameters

Timm Strecker, Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes

In underbalanced drilling (UBD), the bottom hole pressure is kept below pore pressure, causing pressure-dependent influx of reservoir gas into the wellbore that makes the system unstable at low drawdowns.…

Academic article 2023

Clock Synchronization and Timestamping of Data on Acquisition at the Wellsite: Guidelines and Recommendations

Pradeep Annaiyappa, John D. Macpherson, Eric Cayeux

Due to the nature of drilling operations, there are several companies collecting data at the rig. The data acquisition system of each company applies its own timestamp to the data.…

Academic article 2023

Enhancing the Detectability of Deep-Sensing Borehole Electromagnetic Instruments by Joint Inversion of Multiple Logs Within a Probabilistic Geosteering Workflow

Nazanin Jahani, Sergey Alyaev, Joaquin Ambia, Kristian Fossum, Erich Christian Suter, Carlos Torres-Verdin

The cost of drilling wells on the Norwegian Continental Shelf is exceptionally high, and hydrocarbon reservoirs are often located in spatially complex rock formations. Optimized well placement with real-time geosteering…

Academic article 2023

Evaluation of distributed damping subs with active control for stick–slip reduction in drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse, Adrian Ambrus, Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes, Ole Morten Aamo

Drill string vibrations can cause damage to the equipment and reduce drilling performance. There are two primary methods to address this issue: top drive control or the use of specialized…

Academic article 2023

Improving predictive models for rate of penetration in real drilling operations through transfer learning

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev, Rasool Khosravanian, Tron Golder Kristiansen, Tomasz Wiktorski

The rate of penetration (ROP) is a key performance indicator in the oil and gas drilling industry as it directly translates to cost savings and emission reductions. A prerequisite for…

Academic article 2023

Limits of 3D target detectability of logging while drilling deep-sensing electromagnetic measurements from numerical modeling

Nazanin Jahani, Carlos Torres-Verdin, Junsheng Hou

Subsurface energy resources are often found in three-dimensional and non-spatially continuous rock formations that exhibit electrical anisotropy. Deep-sensing tri-axial borehole electromagnetic measurements are currently being used to detect three-dimensional fluid-bearing…

Academic article 2023

Self-Attenuation of Drillstring Torsional Vibrations Using Distributed Dampers

Eric Cayeux, Adrian Ambrus

During drilling operations, drillstring vibrations cause many downhole dysfunctions, resulting in underperformance, equipment failure, and possibly wellbore damage. Current drillstring vibration mitigation solutions are generally located at a single site,…

Academic article 2022

Automatic Measurement of the Dependence on Pressure and Temperature of the Mass Density of Drilling Fluids

Eric Cayeux

Drilling fluids are subject to substantial variations in pressure and temperature while they are circulated in a well. These changes are so great that the mass density of the drilling…

Academic article 2022

Connecting Multilayer Semantic Networks to Data Lakes: The Representation of Data Uncertainty and Quality

Eric Cayeux, Carlos Damski, John D. Macpherson, Moray Laing, Pradeep Annaiyappa, Philip Harbidge, Michael G. Edwards, Jonathan Carney

Drilling oil and gas wells is a complex process involving many disciplines and stakeholders. This process occurs in a context where some pieces of information are unknown, or are often…

Academic article 2022

Direct Multi-Modal Inversion of Geophysical Logs Using Deep Learning

Sergey Alyaev, Ahmed Elsheikh

Geosteering of wells requires fast interpretation of geophysical logs which is a non-unique inverse problem. Current work presents a proof-of-concept approach to multi-modal probabilistic inversion of logs using a single…

Academic article 2022

Ensemble-Based Well-Log Interpretation and Uncertainty Quantification for Well Geosteering

Nazanin Jahani, Joaquin Ambia Garrido, Sergey Alyaev, Kristian Fossum, Erich Christian Suter, Carlos Torres-Verdin

Hydrocarbon reservoirs are often located in spatially complex and uncertain geologic environments, where the associated costs of drilling wells for exploration and development are notoriously high. These costs may be…

Academic article 2022

Probabilistic model-error assessment of deep learning proxies: An application to real-time inversion of borehole electromagnetic measurements

Muzammil Hussain Rammay, Sergey Alyaev, Ahmed Elsheikh

The advent of fast sensing technologies allow for real-time model updates in many applications where the model parameters are uncertain. Once the observations are collected, Bayesian algorithms offer a pathway…

Academic article 2022

Transfer Learning Approach to Prediction of Rate of Penetration in Drilling

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Tomasz Wiktorski

The rate of penetration (ROP) is a key performance indicator in the oil and gas drilling industry as it directly translates to cost savings and emission reductions. A prerequisite for…

Academic article 2022

Verification of a real-time ensemble-based method for updating earth model based on GAN

Kristian Fossum, Sergey Alyaev, Jan Tveranger, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

The complexity of geomodelling workflows is a limiting factor for quantifying and updating uncertainty in real-time during drilling. We propose Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for parametrization and generation of geomodels,…

Academic article 2021

Probabilistic forecasting for geosteering in fluvial successions using a generative adversarial network

Sergey Alyaev, Jan Tveranger, Kristian Fossum, Ahmed Elsheikh

Quantitative workflows utilizing real-time data to constrain uncertainty have the potential to significantly improve geosteering. Fast updates based on real-time data are particularly important when drilling in complex reservoirs with…

Academic article 2020

A phenomenological transient model of bit foundering

Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes, Adrian Ambrus, Florent Di Meglio, Laurent Gerbaud

In this paper we developed a phenomenological transient model of bit foundering which accounts for cuttings transport around the bit through time-dependent erosion and deposition terms. By bit foundering we…

Academic chapter

Academic chapter 2026

A Technical Perspective to Human Oversight in Complex Drilling Automation Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods

Rodica G. Mihai, L. I. V. Bergh, Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Elisabeth Lootz

Abstract As automation advances toward fully autonomous operations, the need for the humans involved in the process to receive sufficient information becomes increasingly important. They must have a clear overview…

Academic chapter 2026

Demonstration of the Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standard Framework in a Multi-Company Context

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, I. Villanueva, M. Pham, K. K. Olsen, S. Gåseland, K. Antosz, D. Dashevskiy, R. Tobisawa, F. da Silva, R. Herikstad, K. Birgisson, E. Nyjordet, J. Cao

As drilling process automation advances at rig sites, new challenges arise. Multiple Automated Drilling Control Systems (ADCS) require advisory system providers to develop various interfaces. Although a typical ADCS supports…

Academic chapter 2026

Long-Step Steady State Torque and Drag Calculations

Eric Cayeux

Abstract Recently, several initiatives have been launched to use generative methods for creating an ensemble of planned trajectories when evaluating alternatives for a drilling program. These automatically generated trajectories must…

Academic chapter 2025

A Probabilistic Framework for the Risk-Based Evaluation of Drilling Plans

Benoit Daireaux, Adrian Ambrus, Sonja Moi, Eric Cayeux

During the well planning stage, several alternative designs are considered, and a team of experts then has to identify the optimum one according to possible contradicting criteria such as performance,…

Academic chapter 2025

Automatic Online Classification of Drilling Activities

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, Hans-Uwe Brackel, Jan Kåre Igland, Serafima Schaefer

Recognition of which drilling activity is occurring at the wellsite is important for calculating key performance indicators (KPIs), diagnosing potential issues during a drilling operation, and providing advice to the…

Academic chapter 2025

Code Generation of Automatic Drilling Control System Functions with Embedded Verification and Validation Functionalities

Eric Cayeux, Rodica Georgeta Mihai, Rune Herikstad, Karl Kristian Olsen, Kamil Antosz, Minh Pham

Over the past decade, the adoption of drilling process automation solutions has significantly enhanced drilling operation efficiency. This improvement has been achieved because Drilling Control System (DCS) providers have enabled…

Academic chapter 2025

Domain-Adapted Embeddings Model Using Contrastive Learning for Drilling Text Data

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Tomasz Wiktorski

Recent advances in information retrieval introduced Large Language Models (LLM) as chatbot assistants. However, LLM’s reliance on implicit knowledge alone is prohibitive for knowledge-intensive tasks. The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) technique…

Academic chapter 2025

Drilling Automation: Revisiting the Digital Drilling Program

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Gilles Pelfrene, Rodica Georgeta Mihai

In parallel with the increasing adoption of drilling automation at the rig site, there is a notable emphasis on the digitalization of the drilling program. These activities should not be…

Academic chapter 2025

Uncertainty-Aware Well Placement: Simulator-Verified Dual-Network Reinforcement Learning Approach Meets Particle Filters

Hibat Errahmen Djecta, Sergey Alyaev, Kristian Fossum, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Apoorv Srivastava

Geosteering, the art of navigating wells to maximize the reservoir resources, is fraught with challenges of geological uncertainty and the relentless pace of real-time operations. In this paper, we present…

Academic chapter 2024

Active Control of Distributed Subs With Anti-Slip Logic for Torsional Vibration Damping in Drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse, Adrian Ambrus, Ole Morten Aamo

Previous publications showed that torsional vibrations of the drill pipe can be attenuated by subs equipped with sleeves in which the pipe rotates and is subjected to passive or actively…

Academic chapter 2024

Advancing Online Verification and Validation in Complex Multi-Providers Drilling Automation Systems

Rodica Georgeta Mihai, Michael G. Edwards, John de Wardt, Sathianandan Dharmaselvan, Jonathan Carney

As an increasing number of automated functionalities become available from different providers, it remains challenging to ensure these functionalities work consistently and reliably together at the rig site. SPE Drilling…

Academic chapter 2024

Decentralized Active Control of Distributed Damping Subs for Stick-Slip Reduction in Drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse, Adrian Ambrus, Ole Morten Aamo

Torsional stick-slip vibrations are a significant cause of drill string damage and failure. Using damping subs distributed along the drill string has been demonstrated in both simulations and laboratory experiments…

Academic chapter 2024

Demonstration of Seamless Interoperability for Automatic Drilling Management in a Multi-Vendor Context.

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, Karl Kristian Olsen, Kamil Antosz, Maria Dahle, Henrik Næsgaard, Loic Hoarau

Drilling operations involve many different companies like the operating company, the drilling contractor, and several service companies. The personnel at the rig site contribute to provide recommended actions to construct…

Academic chapter 2024

Enhancing geosteering with AI : Integrating a decision-making robot into a cloud-based environment and benchmarking against human experts

Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Yasaman Cheraghi, Sergey Alyaev, Apoorv Srivastava, Reidar Brumer Bratvold

This paper aims to demonstrate the application of a new automatic geosteering method that combines probabilistic interpretation with artificial intelligence (AI) for look-ahead decision-making. We expand on our previous synthetic…

Academic chapter 2024

Enhancing information retrieval in the drilling domain : Zero-shot learning with large language models for question-answering

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Gilles Pelfrene, Tomasz Wiktorski

Finding information across multiple databases, formats, and documents remains a manual job in the drilling industry. Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in data-aggregation tasks, including answering questions. However,…

Academic chapter 2024

Facilitating Directional Drilling Work to Reach the Target Entry by Calculating a Safe Operating Envelope

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez, Eric Cayeux, Dan Sui

Nowadays, complex 3D trajectories are handled with a succession of circular arcs. Although they have constant curvature, their toolface is not constant. Consequently, directional drillers must adjust the toolface regularly…

Academic chapter 2024

Improving Hole Cleaning by Using Distributed Damping Subs to Control Lateral Oscillations of the Drill-String

Rodica Mihai, Adrian Ambrus, Eric Cayeux

Poor hole cleaning is often the cause for drilling performance deterioration, many times leading to detrimental situations such as pack-offs and stuck pipe. In addition to high flowrate and rotational speed,…

Academic chapter 2024

Inversion of Electromagnetic Induction Log in Anisotropic Media using an Adjoint Integral Equation Method

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Nazanin Jahani, K.W.A. Van Dongen’, Sergey Alyaev, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem

Academic chapter 2024

Taxonomy Describing Levels of Autonomous Drilling Systems: Incorporating Complexity, Uncertainty, Sparse Data, With Human Interaction

John de Wardt, Eric Cayeux, Rodica Mihai, John D. Macpherson, Pradeep Annaiyappa, D. Pirovolou

Drilling systems automation (DSA) involves multiple actors, each delivering functionality at different levels of automation, with system performance dependent on various input from human operators. Current automation classifications do not…

Academic chapter 2024

The Role of Semantic Networks in Mitigating Risk During Data Exchange in Multi-Disciplinary Well Construction

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, John D. Macpherson, Carlos Damski, Pradeep Annaiyappa, Jonathan Carney, Wael Ziadat, Philip Harbidge, Michael G. Edwards, Harald Bolt

Well construction requires the cooperation of subject matter experts with differing backgrounds. Each discipline has its own viewpoint on the topics addressed by the collaboration team, which complicates multi-disciplinary work.…

Academic chapter 2023

A General Framework to Describe Drilling Process States

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, D. Pirovolou, Moray Laing, Fred Florence

Automation and digitalization of drilling requires shared knowledge about the state of the drilling process: is the bit on-bottom drilling or is the driller making a connection; is the borehole…

Academic chapter 2023

A New Paradigm for Automatic Well Path Generation Using Multidisciplinary Constraints

Eric Cayeux, Gilles Pelfrene, Rodica Georgeta Mihai, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, Bjørn Peter Tjøstheim, Antonin Baume, Rasool Khosravanian, Tron Golder Kristiansen

The well planning process involves many disciplines. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of the process, many iterations are necessary to generate a well path. This is a time-consuming process that…

Academic chapter 2023

Analysis of the Sources of Uncertainty in Geopressure Estimation While Drilling

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, John D. Macpherson, Harald Bolt, Philip Harbidge, Pradeep Annaiyappa, Jonathan Carney, Wael Ziadat, Michael G. Edwards

Geopressure estimation is an important aspect of well planning and execution. However, there are many sources of uncertainty that can affect the accuracy and timing of the prognosis. These uncertainties…

Academic chapter 2023

Drilling Systems Automation: Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery Functions for Situational Awareness

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, Moray Laing, D. Pirovolou, Fred Florence

Drilling process automation solutions provide positive assistance to the driller, and increase consistency in execution of drilling procedures. However, in drilling automation the use of automated drilling advisors can reduce…

Academic chapter 2023

Experimental Verification of Vibration Mitigation Through a Viscous Damping System Along the Drill String

Andrew Martin Holsaeter, Adrian Ambrus, Eric Cayeux, Rodica G. Mihai, Sonja Moi

Achieving optimal performance during drilling of complex well trajectories is often hindered by downhole drill-string vibrations and stick-slip. These can lead to drill bit and downhole tool damage, drill-string wear…

Academic chapter 2023

Exploration of strategies to improve continual learning from irregular sequential drilling data

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski, Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev

Economic and environmental objectives incentivize drilling wells faster, increasing the rate of penetration (ROP). A prerequisite for ROP optimization is an accurate ROP model that provides the expected rate given…

Academic chapter 2023

Interoperability of Real-Time Drilling Signals at the Rig Site: An Example Based on Mechanical Specific Energy

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux, John D. Macpherson, Fred Florence, Espen Solbu

Digitalization of the drilling process has the potential to improve drilling data quality and consistency, providing support for drilling optimization, safety and efficiency. A significant barrier to realizing this potential…

Academic chapter 2023

Limits of 3D Detectability and Resolution of LWD Deep-Sensing Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements Acquired in the Norwegian Continental Shelf

Nazanin Jahani, Carlos Torres-Verdin, Junsheng Hou, Jan Tveranger

Academic chapter 2023

Towards Real-Time 3D Modeling of Induction Logs Using an Integral Equation Method

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Nazanin Jahani, Sergey Alyaev, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem, Koen W. A. van Dongen

Real-time 3D imaging of the induction log is essential for improving the decision-making process in geosteering. To fulfill this need, we investigated various strategies for reducing the computational cost for…

Academic chapter 2022

A Framework to Capture the Relationships in Drilling Data and the Propagation of Uncertainty

Eric Cayeux, Carlos Damski, John D. Macpherson, Moray Laing, Pradeep Annaiyappa, Philip Harbidge, Michael G. Edwards, Jonathan Carney

Drilling oil and gas wells is a complex process involving many disciplines and stakeholders. This process occurs in a context where some pieces of information are unknown, or are often…

Academic chapter 2022

An Ensemble-Based Solution for Automating Drilling Engineering: Application to Directional Surveying

Eric Cayeux, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, Liv Carlsen, Rodica G. Mihai

Drilling engineering and drilling operation are two steps of the well construction process that are treated sequentially and separately. The interface between those two steps is the drilling program, i.e.,…

Academic chapter 2022

Best Practices to Improve Accurate Time Stamping of Data at the Well Site

Pradeep Annaiyappa, John D. Macpherson, Eric Cayeux

Due to the nature of the drilling process, there are several companies collecting data at the rig. Each company's data acquisition system applies its own time stamp to the data.…

Academic chapter 2022

Calibration and Prediction Improvement of Decline Curve Models While Accounting for Model Error

Muzammil Hussain Rammay, Sergey Alyaev

Decline curve models (DCMs) provide a simple and fast way to generate approximate reserve and production forecasts. However, DCMs can greatly differ from production profile of a real reservoir due to…

Academic chapter 2022

Modeling and Analysis of Non-Rotating Damping Subs for Removing Torsional Vibrations in Drilling

Adrian Ambrus, Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes, Eric Cayeux, Rodica G. Mihai

Drill string vibrations are a frequent cause of reduced drilling rates as well as sustained damage to bottom-hole assembly (BHA) elements and downhole tools during drilling operations. Stick-slip oscillations, in…

Academic chapter 2022

Order Reduction of a Transient Model of Viscous Pressure Loss Gradient in Laminar Flow for Non-Newtonian Fluid Flowing in Circular Pipes

Eric Cayeux

When circulating non-Newtonian fluids in pipes, the flowrate may vary because of inherent fluctuations of the mudpumps, swab and surge due to axial displacement of the drill-string, variations caused by…

Academic chapter 2022

Rate of Penetration Prediction Using Quantile Regression Deep Neural Networks

Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski

As the petroleum industry makes strides towards meeting the energy efficiency and low emissions goals required to tackle ongoing climate challenges, there is an increasing need for optimizing drilling operations.…

Academic chapter 2022

Sequential Multi-Realization Probabilistic Interpretation of Well Logs and Geological Prediction by a Deep-Learning Method

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed Elsheikh

The majority of geosteering operations rely on traditional shallow sensing logging tools as sources of information. Many such operations rely on stratigraphic-based steer-ing when the logs from the drilled well…

Academic chapter 2022

What can we learn after 10,000 geosteering decisions?

Yasaman Cheraghi, Sergey Alyaev, Aojie Hong, Igor Kuvaev, Stephen Clark, Andrei Zhuravlev, Reidar Brumer Bratvold

Geosteering is a sequential decision-making process with the objective to maximize revenues from hydrocarbon production whilst minimizing costs. Stratigraphy-Based Steering (SBS) is a popular approach to steering horizontal wells in…

Academic chapter 2021

Automatic Measurement of the Dependence on Pressure and Temperature of the Mass Density of Drilling Fluids

Eric Cayeux

Drilling fluids are subjected to large variations of pressure and temperature while they are circulated in a well. This span of pressures and temperatures is so large that the mass…

Conference lecture

Conference lecture 2025

Borehole Trajectory Modeling using Circular Arcs, Constant Curvature and Toolface, and Sections with Constant Build-up and Turn Rates

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2025

DDBot – AI for automatic population of DWIS semantical models

Sergey Alyaev, Liang Zhang, Benoit Daireaux, Michal Chudoba, Tomasz Wiktorski, Petra Galuscakova

Conference lecture 2025

Drilling Automation: toward Autonomous Drilling

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2025

From Automation to Autonomy: A Drilling Perspective

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2025

Numerical Study on the Effects of Particle Shape and Fluid Rheological Behavior on Material Transport

Lucas Volpi

Conference lecture 2025

On the Sources of Errors in Rheological Measurements of non-Newtonian Fluids and the Interpretation of Yield-Power Law Rheological Model Parameters

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2025

Trajectory Calculation for Complementing 3-D Well Path Planning in Geosteering Operations

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2024

Active Control of Distributed Subs With Anti-Slip Logic for Torsional Vibration Damping in Drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse

Conference lecture 2024

Advancing Online Verification and Validation in Complex Multi-Providers Drilling Automation Systems

Rodica Georgeta Mihai

As an increasing number of automated functionalities become available from different providers, it remains challenging to ensure these functionalities work consistently and reliably together at the rig site. SPE Drilling…

Conference lecture 2024

Cloud-Free Question Answering from Internal Knowledge Bases: Building an AI for Drilling Applications

Sergey Alyaev, Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski

Conference lecture 2024

Decentralized Active Control of Distributed Damping Subs for Stick-Slip Reduction in Drilling

Pauline Marie Nüsse

Torsional stick-slip vibrations are a significant cause of drill string damage and failure. Using damping subs distributed along the drill string has been demonstrated in both simulations and laboratory experiments…

Conference lecture 2024

Demonstration of Seamless Interoperability for Automatic Drilling Management in a Multi-Vendor Context

Eric Cayeux

Drilling operations involve many different companies like the operating company, the drilling contractor, and several service companies. The personnel at the rig site contribute to provide recommended actions to construct…

Conference lecture 2024

Domain-adapted Embeddings Model Using Contrastive Learning for Drilling Text Data

Sergey Alyaev, Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski

Conference lecture 2024

Enhancing Geosteering With AI: Integrating a Decision-Making Robot Into a Cloud-Based Environment and Benchmarking Against Human Experts

Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Yasaman Cheraghi, Sergey Alyaev, Apoorv Srivastava, Reidar Brumer Bratvold

Conference lecture 2024

Enhancing Information Retrieval in the Drilling Domain: Zero-Shot Learning with Large Language Models for Question-Answering

Felix James Cardano Pacis

Finding information across multiple databases, formats, and documents remains a manual job in the drilling industry. Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in data-aggregation tasks, including answering questions. However,…

Conference lecture 2024

Facilitating Directional Drilling Work to Reach the Target Entry by Calculating a Safe Operating Envelope

Luis Alberto Saavedra Jerez

Nowadays, complex 3D trajectories are handled with a succession of circular arcs. Although they have constant curvature, their toolface is not constant. Consequently, directional drillers must adjust the toolface regularly…

Conference lecture 2024

How digitalization and automation will shape the future of drilling operations

Eric Cayeux

This presentation is related to a big ongoing research program (http://digiwells.no/). This presentation will link nicely to both the topic of the meeting and to the planned tour, and in…

Conference lecture 2024

How to Explain Geology to a Robot? DISTINGUISHing Patterns for Optimal Geosteering Decisions

Sergey Alyaev, Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Yasaman Cheraghi, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Apoorv Srivastava, Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Conference lecture 2024

Improvement of Reinforcement Learning Strategies of the Pluralistic Robot Validated in Competitive Geosteering

Hibat Errahmen Djecta, Yasaman Cheraghi, Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Sergey Alyaev, Kristian Fossum, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Apoorv Srivastava

Conference lecture 2024

Improving Hole Cleaning by Using Distributed Damping Subs to Control Lateral Oscillations of the Drill-String

Rodica Mihai

Poor hole cleaning is often the cause for drilling performance deterioration, many times leading to detrimental situations such as pack-offs and stuck pipe. In addition to high flowrate and rotational speed,…

Conference lecture 2024

Optimizing Sequential Decisions in Geosteering: Reinforcement Learning vs Human Experts in Fast-Paced Uncertain Environment

Sergey Alyaev, Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Yasaman Cheraghi, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Apoorv Srivastava, Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Conference lecture 2024

The Role of Semantic Networks in Mitigating Risk During Data Exchange in Multi-Disciplinary Well Construction

Eric Cayeux

Well construction requires the cooperation of subject matter experts with differing backgrounds. Each discipline has its own viewpoint on the topics addressed by the collaboration team, which complicates multi-disciplinary work.…

Conference lecture 2023

3D Modeling and Inversion of Induction Logs.​ 2023 Highlights

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem, Koen W. A. van Dongen

Conference lecture 2023

6n DOF Transient Torque and Drag; Detailed Hydraulic Simulations

Lucas Volpi

Conference lecture 2023

6n Degrees of Freedom Transient Torque and Drag

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2023

A General Framework to Describe Drilling Process States

Eric Cayeux

Automation and digitalization of drilling requires shared knowledge about the state of the drilling process: is the bit on-bottom drilling or is the driller making a connection; is the borehole…

Conference lecture 2023

Automated Well Engineering

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2023

Automatic Well Planning: A New Paradigm For Automatic Well Path Generation Using Multidisciplinary Constraints

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2023

Case Study: Drill String Vibration in Vertical Section

Adrian Ambrus

Conference lecture 2023

DISTINGUISH from the depth of detection to the probabilistic distance of prediction

Sergey Alyaev

Conference lecture 2023

DWIS ROP Optimization Demonstration and Presentation

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux

Conference lecture 2023

Demo: Chatbot for oil and gas data

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Tomasz Wiktorski

Conference lecture 2023

Drilling & Wells Interoperability

Eric Cayeux, Benoit Daireaux

Conference lecture 2023

Drilling Data Quality and Uncertainty: Pathways to Value

Eric Cayeux, John D. Macpherson, Carlos Damski

Drilling oil and gas wells is a complex process involving many disciplines and stakeholders. This process occurs in an environment where information is often unknown, incomplete, erroneous or at least…

Conference lecture 2023

Drilling Systems Automation: Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery Functions for Situational Awareness

Eric Cayeux

Drilling process automation solutions provide positive assistance to the driller, and increase consistency in execution of drilling procedures. However, in drilling automation the use of automated drilling advisors can reduce…

Conference lecture 2023

Experimental Verification of Vibration Mitigation Through a Viscous Damping System Along the Drill String

Andrew Martin Holsaeter

Achieving optimal performance during drilling of complex well trajectories is often hindered by downhole drill-string vibrations and stick-slip. These can lead to drill bit and downhole tool damage, drill-string wear…

Conference lecture 2023

Flowrate Out Sensor

Andrew Martin Holsaeter

Conference lecture 2023

Integrating Reinforcement Learning and Particle Filter for Enhanced Geosteering Decision-Making

Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Apoorv Srivastava, Sergey Alyaev, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Conference lecture 2023

Interoperability of Real-Time Drilling Signals at the Rig Site: An Example Based on Mechanical Specific Energy

Eric Cayeux

Digitalization of the drilling process has the potential to improve drilling data quality and consistency, providing support for drilling optimization, safety and efficiency. A significant barrier to realizing this potential…

Conference lecture 2023

SPE-DSATS DWIS: Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standards

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2023

Taxonomy for Autonomous Drilling

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2023

The microservice architecture for scientific applications

Gilles Pelfrene

Conference lecture 2023

Trust and safety in the context of complex AI systems: challenges related to verification and validation

Rodica Mihai

Conference lecture 2023

Workshop: Trusted AI in the age of generative AI and complex AI systems

Rodica Mihai, Andre Meyer-Vitali, Emannuel Kahembwe

Conference lecture 2022

A Framework to Capture the Relationships in Drilling Data and the Propagation of Uncertainty

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2022

AI‐based multi‐modal prediction of stratigraphy to inform drilling performance

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2022

An Ensemble-Based Solution for Automating Drilling Engineering: Application to Directional Surveying

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2022

Automated Drilling Engineering: 2022 final demonstration focused on directional drilling

Eric Cayeux, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, Liv Carlsen, Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2022

Autonomous drilling: example of an AI system in practice

Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2022

Demo: Sequential prediction with noisy GR log and naïve ROP prediction

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani

Conference lecture 2022

Exploring transfer learning for ROP prediction on the NCS

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski, Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Rasool Khosravanian, Tron Golder Kristiansen

Conference lecture 2022

Geosteering results: It's time to understand where the bit is heading

Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Kristian Fossum, Jan Tveranger, Muzammil Hussain Rammay, David Selvåg Larsen, Craig Saint, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2022

Limits of detectability and resolution of deep-sensing borehole electromagnetic measurements from numerical modeling

Nazanin Jahani, Carlos Torres-Verdin, Junsheng Hou

Conference lecture 2022

Modeling and Analysis of Non-Rotating Damping Subs for Removing Torsional Vibrations in Drilling

Adrian Ambrus, Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes, Eric Cayeux, Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2022

On Transitions Functions Model for Decision-Making in Offshore Operations

Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2022

Organizational Interoperability: 2022 final demonstration

Eric Cayeux, Erich Christian Suter, Benoit Daireaux

Conference lecture 2022

Predicting likely stratigraphy realizations from shallow logs with AI

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2022

Rate of Penetration Prediction Using Quantile Regression Deep Neural Networks

Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski

Conference lecture 2022

Real-time estimation of geological layers' profiles in an anisotropic environment while accounting for model-error: A case study on the Goliat field

Muzammil Hussain Rammay, Sergey Alyaev, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, David Selvåg Larsen, Craig Saint

Conference lecture 2022

Sequential Multi-Realization Probabilistic Interpretation of Well Logs and Geological Prediction by a Deep-Learning Method

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2022

Transfer Learning Approach to Prediction of Rate of Penetration in Drilling

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Tomasz Wiktorski

Conference lecture 2022

Verification of a real-time method for updating the geosteering earth model based on GAN

Kristian Fossum, Sergey Alyaev, Jan Tveranger, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2022

What can we learn after 10000 geosteering decisions?

Yasaman Cheraghi, Sergey Alyaev, Aojie Hong, Igor Kuvaev, Stephen Clark, Andrei Zhuravlev, Reidar Brumer Bratvold

Conference lecture 2021

Automated Drilling Engineering: initial demonstration focused on directional drilling

Eric Cayeux, Erik Wolden Dvergsnes, Liv Carlsen, Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2021

Automatic Measurement of the Dependence on Pressure and Temperature of the Mass Density of Drilling Fluids

Eric Cayeux

Conference lecture 2021

Deep learning for prediction of complex geology ahead of drilling

Kristian Fossum, Sergey Alyaev, Jan Tveranger, Ahmed Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2021

Deep learning for probabilistic inversion during geosteering

Sergey Alyaev, Ahmed Elsheikh, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani

Conference lecture 2021

Demonstration of passive damping of vibrations in a lab experiment coupling rotational and axial movement

Rodica G. Mihai, Andrew Martin Holsaeter, Eric Cayeux, Adrian Ambrus

Conference lecture 2021

Distributed Drilling Control: initial demonstration

Rodica G. Mihai, Eric Cayeux, Andrew Martin Holsaeter, Adrian Ambrus, Sonja Moi

Conference lecture 2021

Distributed Drilling Control: summary 2021

Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2021

Drilling Data Quality & Uncertainty

Eric Cayeux

The SPE sub-committee for “Drilling Data Quality and Uncertainty Description” (or DDQUD) is a joined effort between the three SPE technical sections: Drilling System Automation, Wellbore Positioning and Drilling Uncertainty…

Conference lecture 2021

Drilling Process Modelling with Deep Learning: Towards ROP Prediction

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Felix James Cardano Pacis, Nazanin Jahani, Tomasz Wiktorski, Ahmed Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2021

Drilling performance predicitons with drilling efficiency uncertainty (Demo in OpenLab Drilling)

Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev, Robert Ewald

Conference lecture 2021

Finite-Difference Modeling of Deep-Sensing Borehole EM Measurements on a CPU/GPU Cluster

Nazanin Jahani, Carlos Torres-Verdin

Conference lecture 2021

Geosteering for IOR: Results and further opportunities

Sergey Alyaev

Conference lecture 2021

HPC and finite‐difference modelling of deep EM logs

Nazanin Jahani, Carlos Torres-Verdin

Conference lecture 2021

Organizational Interoperability: initial demonstration of a multi layered graph analysis architecture

Eric Cayeux, Erich Christian Suter, Benoit Daireaux, Rodica G. Mihai

Conference lecture 2021

Presentation of lab experimental setup developed in Distributed Drilling Control in 2021

Andrew Martin Holsaeter

Conference lecture 2021

Reducing 3D uncertainty by an ensemble-based geosteering workflow: an example from the Goliat field

Kristian Fossum, Sergey Alyaev, Erich Christian Suter, Gianbattista Tossi, Maurizio Mele

Conference lecture 2021

Reinforcement learning ​for better geosteering decisions

Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Sergey Alyaev

Conference lecture 2021

Sequential probabilistic multi-modal inversion and prediction with deep learning

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed Elsheikh

Conference lecture 2021

Using generative adversarial networks for probabilistic predictions of complex geology ahead of drilling

Sergey Alyaev, Kristian Fossum, Jan Tveranger, Ahmed Elsheikh

Conference poster

Conference poster 2024

AI-based multi-modal interpretation and extrapolation of geophysical logs

Sergey Alyaev, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference poster 2022

AI-based multi-modal interpretation of logs for ahead-of-bit probabilistic ROP prediction

Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Ahmed H. Elsheikh

Conference poster 2022

GPU-accelerated integral equation method for 3D modelling of induction logs

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Sergey Alyaev, Nazanin Jahani, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem, Koen van Dongen

Conference poster 2022

Gamification of shallow geosteering

Sergey Alyaev

Doctoral thesis

Doctoral thesis 2025

Control of Distributed Damping Subs for Torsional Vibration Mitigation in Drilling

Ole Morten Aamo, Adrian Ambrus, Pauline Marie Nüsse

Drill string vibrations are an important cause for extended costs in drilling. The field of vibration mitigation therefore has been very active. Two main approaches exist, either surface or downhole…

Interview

Interview 2025

Ny modell reduserer ikke-produktiv tid i boreoperasjoner

Katrine Jaklin, Eric Cayeux

Interview 2025

VDoorLocksmith show: Drilling Automation: toward Autonomous Drilling

David Gibson, Eric Cayeux

Live presentation on the topic of drilling automation starting from the requirements for mathematical models, continuing on the importance of managing uncertainties, followed up with drilling process evaluation, explaining the…

Interview 2022

A Study Suggests Geosteers Often Miss the Target

Stephen Rassenfoss, Sergey Alyaev

Geosteering is supposed to ensure the wellbore stays in the most-productive zone, but a recent study suggests it often misses the mark.

Interview 2021

175 pågående forsknings-prosjekter på olje og gass

Tor Arne Fanghol, Erlend Vefring

Interview 2021

Challenges of developing a geosteering AI Rosie

Sergey Alyaev, Dylan Miner

Lecture

Lecture 2025

Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standards (DWIS)

Eric Cayeux

Lecture 2024

Adaptive Quasi-Newton Inversion of Electromagnetic Induction Logs for Subsurface Imaging While Drilling

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Nazanin Jahani, Koen W. A. van Dongen

Lecture 2024

High-Precision Geosteering via Reinforcement Learning and Particle Filters

Ressi Bonti Muhammad, Yasaman Cheraghi, Sergey Alyaev, Apoorv Srivastava, Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Lecture 2024

Inversion of Electromagnetic Induction Log in Anisotropic Media using an Adjoint Integral Equation Method

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Nazanin Jahani, K.W.A. Van Dongen’, Sergey Alyaev, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem

Lecture 2023

Direct Multi-Modal Inversion of Geophysical Logs Using Deep Learning

Sergey Alyaev, Ahmed H. Elsheikh, Adrian Ambrus, Nazanin Jahani

We present a proof-of-concept approach to multi-modal probabilistic inversion of geophysical logs using a single evaluation of an artificial deep neural network (DNN). A mixture density DNN (MDN) is trained using the multiple…

Lecture 2023

Exploration of Strategies to Improve Continual Learning From Irregular Sequential Drilling Data

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Tomasz Wiktorski, Adrian Ambrus, Sergey Alyaev

Lecture 2023

Towards Real-Time 3D Modeling of Induction Logs Using an Integral Equation Method

Durra Handri Saputera, Morten Jakobsen, Nazanin Jahani, Sergey Alyaev, Kjersti Solberg Eikrem, Koen W. A. van Dongen

Real-time 3D imaging of the induction log is essential for improving the decision-making process in geosteering. To fulfill this need, we investigated various strategies for reducing the computational cost for…

Lecture 2022

Demo: Chatbot for NCS well data

Felix James Cardano Pacis, Sergey Alyaev, Tomasz Wiktorski

Lecture 2022

Quantifying depth of detection for deep-sensing borehole electromagnetic measurements

Nazanin Jahani